Functionalization of graphene volume 21 supplement m. Selective electrochemical functionalization of the graphene. Surface functionalization of graphene with polymers for. Electrochemical functionalization of graphene at the nanoscale with selfassembling diazonium salts zhenyuan xia, francesca leonardi, marco gobbi, yi liu, vittorio bellani. Review of functionalization, structure and properties of. The desired functionalization route is most plausibly followed by a reaction between the generated radical species figure 7, step c, which is based on the addition of aryl radicals to the graphene sheet. Functionalization of graphene using deep eutectic solvents. Chemically modified epitaxial graphene eg by azidotrimethylsilane ats was investigated using highresolution photoemission spectroscopy hrpes. Chemical functionalization of graphene and its applications. Functionalized graphenemetal nanoparticles nanohybrids as electrochemical. Request pdf functionalization of graphene functionalization of graphene volume 21 issue s3 m. Manipulating their characteristics using wetchemistry methods holds distinctive value, as it provides a means towards scaling up, while not being limited by yield. It also prevents the agglomeration of single layer graphene during reduction and maintains the inherent properties of graphene. Functionalization of graphene using deep eutectic solvents maan hayyan1,2, ali abohamad1,3, mohammed abdulhakim alsaadi1,4 and mohd ali hashim1,3 abstract deep eutectic solvents dess have received attention in various applications because of their distinctive properties.
Functionalization of graphene through selfassembly of a hydrophobic backbone of nafion has been reported by choi et al. Chemical functionalization is a promising approach to controllably manipulate the characteristics of graphene. Double functionalization is a key aspect in the design of multifunctional go with combined imaging, targeting, and therapeutic properties. Natural polymers lignin and cellulose derivatives are adsorbed on the graphene surfaceby hydrophobicinteraction and stacking. The attachment of metal nanoparticles allows us to exploit surfaceenhanced raman scattering to characterize the chemistry of both the pristine and the. Marcus theory, the electron transfer rate is proportional to the allowed redox potential gap between di. Chemical functionalization of graphene request pdf. Angewandte chemie international edition 2014, 53 38, 1006010066. Organometallic hexahapto functionalization of single layer. Chemistry with graphene and graphene oxide challenges for. A versatile approach toward covalent bridges between graphene sheets. Graphene oxide go is a versatile platform with unique properties that have found broad applications in the biomedical field.
Supplementary material for this article is available online keywords. It also prevents the agglomeration of single layer graphene during reduction and. However, there was no significant research done on plasmabased graphene functionalization. Graphene is a highly conjugated, twodimensional and singleatom layered carbon nanomaterial, whose research history can be traced back to 1859. Organometallic functionalization of graphene and graphite. Click and patterned functionalization of graphene by diels. This handbook provides detailed and uptodate overviews of the synthesis and functionalization of graphene on various substrates metallic and semiconducting, their properties. The desired functionalization route is most plausibly followed by a reaction between the generated radical species fig. For example, we cite that both covalent and noncovalent techniques are very effective in making graphene readily usable and processable. Among them, the use of radical species including nitrene, carbene and aryl diazonium salts is regarded as a promising strategy to establish the covalent functionalization of graphene. University of groningen graphenebased functional materials. Surface functionalization of graphenebased materials by akshay mathkar graphenebased materials have generated tremendous interest in the past decade.
All set to become the standard reference on the topic, this book covers the most important procedures for chemical functionalization, making it an indispensable resource for all chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers entering or already working in the field. It is therefore not surprising that the covalent functionalization of graphene involves mostly reactive substances that can form covalent adducts with the sp2 structure of. More details of graphene functionalization via covalent. One common approach is to conduct such a functionalization in an organic solvent and to use amyl or isoamyl nitrite to generate the diazonium. Aksay department of chemical and biological engineering, princeton university, princeton, new jersey 08544, united states. Fourfold increase in the intrinsic capacitance of graphene through functionalization and lattice disorder michael a.
The prospective twodimensional graphene nanosheets. Simultaneous reduction and functionalization of graphene. Manipulating thermal conductance at metal graphene. Graphene has attracted great interest because of its remarkable properties and numerous potential applications. Electrochemical functionalization strategy for chemical vapor. Chemical functionalization and characterization of graphene.
The installation of a diene moiety into a nonplanar molecular structure to form cisconformation enables a rapid. A number of studies of polymerfunctionalized graphene by the grafting from method have been reported. Through the spectral analysis, we clearly confirmed that eg is modified by thermally generated nitrene radicals and found that the bonding nature between the nitrene radicals and eg is covalent. Functionalization of graphene along with its subsequent dispersion is paramount, as it makes graphene more adaptable for a lot of application. The impact of functionalization article on the stability.
The initial step is the reduction of graphite with solvated electrons. Plasmabased graphene functionalization in glow discharge. Pdf covalent bulk functionalization of graphene researchgate. As we observe bonding nature of n 1s peaks, we found. Chemical functionalization of graphene enables this material to be processed by solventassisted techniques, such as layerbylayer assembly, spincoating, and filtration. Understanding pt nanoparticle anchoring on graphene. This is demonstrated by the structural stability of the adsorbed pq the noncovalent functionalization of. Hydrogenation and fluorination have been experimentally demonstrated to be effective in changing the hybridization state of carbon atoms and opening a bandgap from 2. Covalent functionalization of graphene being highly inert and thermally stable, graphene requires highenergy processes to rehybridize its. Interestingly, the electronhole puddles in turn in. The reaction sequence that we have developed for the first wet chemical bulk functionalization of graphene is depicted in fig. His research focuses on the functionalization of carbon nanostructured materials fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene, c dots for application in catalysis, bionanotechnology, nanoelectronics. How do the electrical properties of graphene change with its.
Graphene functionalization strategies from synthesis to. Read or download functionalization of graphene pdf best physical chemistry books some applications of the variation of hydrogen overvoltage with the pressure 1919en3s. Although covalent functionalization of graphene will compromise some of its natural conductivity, this method is still valuable in some cases when graphenes other properties are desirable. The organic covalent functionalization of graphene can generally be divided into two categories. Introduction functionalization of graphene is an important step for. We will also analyze how graphene properties are affected by derivatization. Mar 20, 2011 the reaction sequence that we have developed for the first wet chemical bulk functionalization of graphene is depicted in fig. Here, we designed cisdienes, featuring two dihydronaphthalene backbones, to decorate a graphene surface via dielsalder da click reaction. Manipulating thermal conductance at metal graphene contacts. Fourfold increase in the intrinsic capacitance of graphene. This makes graphene fairly chemically inert on the basalplane but not on the edge atoms. A versatile platform towards the noncovalent functionalization of graphene. In this work, dess were used as functionalizing agents for graphene. Graphene is fascinating the scientific world because of its remarkable electronic, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties placing it on the top list of materials of technological interest.
More details of graphene functionalization via covalent bonds will be discussed below. A comprehensive understanding of its structural and. Request pdf functionalization of graphene all carbon composites are formed either as a nanocomposite by the combination of already prepared simple carbon nanostructures or constructed. Plenty of strategies focused on covalent interaction have been developed to functionalize graphenes surface in order to employ it in a wide range of applications.
Functionalization of graphene for efficient energy conversion. Figure 5li bacteria surface adhesion probed with fluorescence microscopy. Covalent bulk functionalization of graphene nature chemistry. Surface functionalization of graphene with polymers for enhanced. Pdf chemical functionalization of graphene with defects. There are two approaches for the structural modification of go and rgo. Handbook of graphene, volume 1, essentially focuses on graphene growth, synthesis, and functionalization in order to realize optimized graphenebased nanostructures which can be utilized for various applications. This study will shed light on strategies to improve not only the durability but also the activity of the metal nanoparticles via the functionalization of the catalyst supports in the catalysis.
Therefore, the surface functionalization in graphene can significantly change its physical and chemical properties, such as bandgap opening and piezoelectricity engineering, etc. Jan 28, 2016 heatinitiated chemical functionalization of graphene. Sep 02, 2011 in the character of the graphene is found across the sample, each of the slg spectra are averaged and shown in figure 1b. Chisholm, jaekwang lee, junjie guo, zhiqing yang, s. Aug 02, 2018 the desired functionalization route is most plausibly followed by a reaction between the generated radical species fig. One common approach is to conduct such a functionalization in an organic solvent and to use amyl or isoamyl nitrite to generate the. Download functionalization of graphene by vasilios. Pdf modelling of graphene functionalization frantisek. Abstract reduced graphene oxide rgo is a promising material for a variety of thin. The growth behavior and the structure of gr aphene on a ni111 single crystal surface was. Functionalization of graphene oxide by tetrazine derivatives. The functionalization or doping of graphene aims at tuning its electronic properties by opening a energy gap, main challenge for possible electronic applications. The covalent functionalization of graphene on substrates. An improved fundamental knowledge about the structure and the chemical properties of graphene and graphene oxide is an important prerequisite for the development.
Surface functionalization of graphenebased materials. The term graphene was coined as a combination of graphite and the suffixene by hannspeter boehm, who described singlelayer carbon foils in 1962. Surface functionalization of graphene based materials by akshay mathkar graphene based materials have generated tremendous interest in the past decade. Functionalization of graphene microscopy and microanalysis. Impact of covalent functionalization by diazonium chemistry. Although the research on functionalization of graphene. This book covers different aspects of graphene functionalization strategies from inorganic oxides and organic moieties including its preparation, design and characterization techniques and assembles the information and knowledge on graphene functionalization by different techniques. This handbook provides detailed and uptodate overviews of the synthesis and functionalization of graphene on various substrates metallic and semiconducting, their properties and.
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon constituted of a single atomic layer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in the form of a twodimensional 2d hexagonal lattice and. Surface functionalization of graphenebased materials rice. Handbook of graphene, volume 1, essentially focuses on graphene growth, synthesis, and functionalization in order to realize optimized graphene based nanostructures which can be utilized for various applications. Noncovalent functionalization generally has little e. The functionalization evidence is highlighted using xray photoemission spectroscopy xps, scanning tunneling microscopy stm, scanning xray photoelectron microscopy spem or angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy arpes. Heatinitiated chemical functionalization of graphene. Electrochemical functionalization of graphene at the. The chemical functionalization of graphene oxide go has attracted a great deal of attention because of its wide application 912, such as optical limiting property, energy conversion 14, biosensing systems 15,16, gas separating membranes 17,18, improved electric property 19,20.
We present a versatile and simple method using electrochemistry for the exclusive functionalization of the edge of a graphene monolayer with metal nanoparticles or polymeric amino groups. Two mainbarriers toitswidespread usearethelackof1fabrication protocolsleadingtotailored functionalization of the graphene sheet with oxygencontaining chemical groups, and 2 understanding of the. Plenty of strategies focused on covalent interaction have been developed to functionalize graphene s surface in order to employ it in a wide range of applications. The resulting graphene nanoplatelets were readily dispersible and displayed high conductivity and electrochemical biosensing properties for organophosphates. May 16, 2018 the desired functionalization route is most plausibly followed by a reaction between the generated radical species figure 7, step c, which is based on the addition of aryl radicals to the graphene sheet. Before functionalization, the graphene films contain very little disorder as the ratio of the dband. Covalent functionalization of epitaxial graphene by. Functionalization of graphene for biosensorapplications. Covalent functionalization of reduced graphene oxide with. Other methods of graphene functionalization include ultraviolet oxida tive treatment 18, ozone treatment 19 21, and photochemical oxidation 22. Manipulating their characteristics using wetchemistry methods holds distinctive value, as it provides a. Enhanced chemical reactivity of graphene by fermi level. The hexagonal gt flakes pdf 000250284 is used as precursor for the.
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